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The boundary decides the number.

Where a product footprint stops, what a declared unit has to state, and why two correct studies of the same product can differ by a factor of three.

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The boundary decides whether your footprint is usable
Product carbon

Cradle-to-gate or cradle-to-grave: the boundary decides

Two studies of the same product can differ by a factor of three and both be correct. The difference is the boundary — and the customer specified one of them.

Each article is reviewed on its stated cycle; the last review date appears on the card and in the article header.

Describe the claim — not the service.

Tell us what must be relied on, who will rely on it and by what date. We will confirm the correct programme, evidence requirement and responsible entity — or tell you it is outside our scope.